How Sunlight Damages Your Skin
The sun’s ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a type of electromagnetic radiation .
UVA and UVB
UVA is longer and penetrates deeper into the skin. This can cause damage to collagen and elastin fibres, which support your skin.
UVB is shorter than UVA rays and penetrates only the top layer. However, they are more intense and cause the majority of irritation and redness that sunburns can cause.
These UV rays are both capable of damaging your skin cells. These UV rays can cause DNA changes, which may lead to abnormal collagen and elastin production. The new cells that your body produces are therefore not as resilient or strong as the original ones.
This damage can lead to wrinkles, age spots, and sagging skin over time. You are also at a high risk for skin cancer.
Why you need to wear broad-spectrum sunblock
Use sunscreen whenever you’re outside during the day, even if it’s cold or cloudy. UV rays are able to penetrate clouds.
Not just any sunscreen is going to do. You should use a broad spectrum sunscreen that blocks UVA and UVB. It’s likely that if it is not labeled “UVA/UVB”, or “broad-spectrum,” it only protects you from UVB. You might get a sunburn but you won’t be protected from the deeper UVA damage.
Look for sunscreens with SPFs of 30 or more. You should follow the directions for timing, reapplication and waterproofing. These will vary depending on which product you are using.
Other Ways to Help Your Skin
You can help your skin and the rest of your system by eating a diet rich in nutrients. You’ll need to choose foods and drinks that are rich in antioxidants.
When your body reacts with UV rays from the sun, it produces harmful byproducts called reactive oxygen species (ROS). These ROS damage cells and tissues and cause inflammation, which can contribute to visible signs of ageing.
Antioxidants help neutralize ROS and prevent them from damaging your skin. Eating foods high in antioxidants can reduce inflammation from sun exposure, and protect skin cells.
Brightly colored fruits, vegetables and leafy greens are some of the best for your skin. Green tea contains antioxidants.
Drink plenty of water and keep your skin moisturised. It will keep your outer skin layers hydrated, preventing them from cracking and drying out. This outermost layer acts as a barrier to protect the skin.
Your skin will be more vulnerable to sun damage if it is cracked or inflamed.
